Should retirees invest in the stock market?
You might have switched to the spending phase of your retirement plan, but that doesn't mean you shouldn't invest any longer, or plan for market volatility. Investing is a smart financial move to make regardless of what stage you're at in life.
Exposure to stocks should remain an important part of your allocation target, even in retirement. However, a possible need to access these assets for income in the near term means you are more susceptible to short-term risks.
Conventional wisdom holds that when you hit your 70s, you should adjust your investment portfolio so it leans heavily toward low-risk bonds and cash accounts and away from higher-risk stocks and mutual funds. That strategy still has merit, according to many financial advisors.
It's never too late to start investing, but starting in your late 60s will impact the options you have. Consider Social Security strategies, income sources and appropriate asset allocation. A financial advisor may be able to help you project out your investment and income plan into the coming decades.
At age 60–69, consider a moderate portfolio (60% stock, 35% bonds, 5% cash/cash investments); 70–79, moderately conservative (40% stock, 50% bonds, 10% cash/cash investments); 80 and above, conservative (20% stock, 50% bonds, 30% cash/cash investments).
Investors in their 50s and 60s keep between 35% and 39% of their portfolio assets in U.S. stocks and about 8% in international stocks. Older investors in their 70s and over keep between 31% and 33% of their portfolio assets in U.S. stocks and between 5% and 7% in international stocks.
If you're 70, you should keep 30% of your portfolio in stocks. However, with Americans living longer and longer, many financial planners are now recommending that the rule should be closer to 110 or 120 minus your age.
There are no set ages to get into or to get out of the stock market. While older clients may want to reduce their investing risk as they age, this doesn't necessarily mean they should be totally out of the stock market.
While, again, this depends entirely on your individual needs, many retirement advisors recommend higher-growth assets around the following proportions: Age 65 – 70: 50% to 60% of your portfolio. Age 70 – 75: 40% to 50% of your portfolio, with fewer individual stocks and more funds to mitigate some risk.
The general rule is that the younger you are, the more risk you're able to tolerate. The older you get, though, means you must cut back on the amount of risk in your portfolio. The common rule of asset allocation by age is that you should hold a percentage of stocks that is equal to 100 minus your age.
How much stock is too much in retirement?
One is called the "Rule of 110" and it involves subtracting your age from 110 and investing that much money into the market. Under this rule, a 20-year-old would invest 90% of their retirement account balance and a 50-year-old would invest 60%.
Stick to a Budget
Making a retirement budget is essential if you have little to no money saved. Having a budget can help you track where your money is going and avoid overspending. When making a budget for retirement, it's good to consider where you can slash spending if you anticipate having limited income.
Let's illustrate this with a simple example: if you have $100,000 in your retirement savings, under the 7% rule, you would withdraw $7,000 each year.
One example is the $1,000/month rule. Created by Wes Moss, a Certified Financial Planner, this strategy helps individuals visualize how much savings they should have in retirement. According to Moss, you should plan to have $240,000 saved for every $1,000 of disposable income in retirement.
As a result, an oft-stated rule of thumb suggests workers can base their retirement on a percentage of their current income. “Seventy to 80% of pre-retirement income is good to shoot for,” said Ben Bakkum, senior investment strategist with New York City financial firm Betterment, in an email.
The safest place to put your retirement funds is in low-risk investments and savings options with guaranteed growth. Low-risk investments and savings options include fixed annuities, savings accounts, CDs, treasury securities, and money market accounts. Of these, fixed annuities usually provide the best interest rates.
Reinvest Your Payments
The truth is that most investors won't have the money to generate $1,000 per month in dividends; not at first, anyway. Even if you find a market-beating series of investments that average 3% annual yield, you would still need $400,000 in up-front capital to hit your targets. And that's okay.
- Bonds.
- Dividend stocks.
- Utility stocks.
- Fixed annuities.
- Bank certificates of deposit.
- High-yield savings accounts.
- Balanced portfolio.
Some financial advisors recommend a mix of 60% stocks, 35% fixed income, and 5% cash when an investor is in their 60s. So, at age 55, and if you're still working and investing, you might consider that allocation or something with even more growth potential.
The average amount of retirement savings for 70-year-olds is $113,900, according to our 2023 Planning & Progress survey.
How much cash should a retiree have in their portfolio?
Some experts have suggested holding enough cash to cover three to six months of expenses; others say one, two or even three years. Income. You'll want to guard against market downturns. Without cash in reserve, you could be forced to sell investments for monthly income.
- High-yield savings accounts.
- Money market funds.
- Short-term certificates of deposit.
- Series I savings bonds.
- Treasury bills, notes, bonds and TIPS.
- Corporate bonds.
- Dividend-paying stocks.
- Preferred stocks.
The odds are the value of your retirement savings may decline if the market crashes. While this doesn't mean you should never invest, you should be patient with the market and make long-term decisions that can withstand time and market fluctuation.
Once you're retired, you may prefer a more conservative allocation of 50% in stocks and 50% in bonds. Again, adjust this ratio based on your risk tolerance. Hold any money you'll need within the next five years in cash or investment-grade bonds with varying maturity dates. Keep your emergency fund entirely in cash.
Calculating How Much to Invest
A common rule of thumb is the 50-30-20 rule, which suggests allocating 50% of your after-tax income to essentials, 30% to discretionary spending and 20% to savings and investments. Within that 20% allocation, the portion designated for stocks depends on your risk tolerance.
